Introduction
Purpose
The Blue Ridge Community College Electrical Safety Program was created to comply with electrical systems regulatory requirements to ensure that energized electrical work at Blue Ridge Community College (BRCC) facilities is performed safely by qualified electrical workers who are provided with appropriate safe work procedures, protective equipment, and other controls. It is intended to protect employees against electricity- related hazards. These hazards include electrical shock and burns; arc flash burns; arc-blast impacts; falls; and other potential electrical safety hazards. Working on equipment in a de- energized state is required unless de-energizing introduces an increased hazard or is infeasible (e.g., voltage testing to troubleshoot).
Scope
This program applies to all BRCC facilities and work performed by its employees regardless of job site location. The Program has been established to ensure the safety of employees who may work on or near electrical equipment 600 volts or less. These employees must comply with 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70E 2018 edition. Employees working on voltages higher than 600 volts should comply with the OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart R, specifically 29 CFR 1910.269 (Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 2007 National Electric Safety Code. All campuses, their agencies, and employees must understand and comply with safety standards related to electrical work and follow the uniform practices outlined in this document when engaged in electrical work. See additional Definitions and Descriptions in Appendix A.
Training and Authorization
The level of training provided to employees is based on their level of involvement with energized electrical equipment. All personnel who face a risk of electrical shock, burns, or related injuries must be trained in electrical safe work practices and be “qualified.”
The following topics are included in electrical safety training.
- Hazardous effects of electricity on the human body
- Universal electrical safety practices.
- Hazards associated with power electronic equipment.
- How to read arc flash warning labels to gauge extent of potential hazards.
- Lockout/Tagout training and safe work practices required to safely de-energize electrical equipment.
Employee rights
The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 provides rights to employees that offer protection from hazards in the workplace. For more information visit osha.gov/workers.
Reporting
Incidents, Accidents, or Occurrences resulting in personal injury and/or illness, disruption of normal activities or business interruption shall be reported as follows;
- Any serious injury, illness or fatality shall be reported to the Emergency Preparedness and Safety Manager at the VCCS System Office immediately.
- Employees: Incidents or accidents that involve employees shall be reported to Human Resources, Public Safety and any other appropriate college officials. Fatalities, in-patient hospitalizations, amputations, or loss of an eye must be reported to VOSH, per 29 CFR 1904.39.
- Students: Incidents or accidents that involve students shall be reported to the Dean of Students (or appropriate Vice President), Public Safety and any other appropriate college officials.
- Non-Employees/Non-Students: Incidents or accidents that involve non-employees or non-students shall be reported to Public Safety and appropriate college officials.
Regulatory Agencies
The following agencies regulate laboratory activities and provide guidance and direction concerning proper lockout/tagout procedures.
- The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) develops and enforces regulations based on federal statutes.
- Virginia Occupational Safety and Health (VOSH) is the Commonwealth’s counterpart to the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The VOSH Program is responsible for enforcing occupational safety and health laws and regulations in the private and public sectors.
- American National Standards Institute (ANSI) oversees standards and conformity assessment activities in the United States.
- American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of voluntary consensus standards.
- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) develops and publishes consensus-based codes and standards that are widely used to prevent and mitigate these hazards.
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) develops and publishes over 900 standards relating to electronics.
- International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC) is a global organization that develops and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic, and related technologies.
Roles and Responsibilities
It is the responsibility of all employees, affiliates, students, and visitors to conduct work and activities in a manner that will not adversely impact themselves, other personnel, Blue Ridge Community College property, the surrounding community, or the environment.
- Vice President of Finance and Administration (VPFA): The office of the VPFA is responsible for the development and administration of the Electrical Safety Program (ESP).
- Deans, Directors, or Supervisors: Each Dean, Director, or Supervisor has the responsibility for ensuring that BRCC’s Electrical Safety Program is implemented and followed by employees under their supervision.
- Human Resources Department: As it relates to Worker’s Compensation, the Human Resources Department is responsible for maintaining and updating injury log, maintaining records regarding exposure incidents, providing worker’s compensation medical providers with appropriate documentation, arranging for post exposure care as needed, and notifying the Director of Public Safety when an incident has occurred. In addition, the Human Resources Department will track and maintain all training documentation.
- Employees: All BRCC employees are expected to follow the work practices described in the College’s ESP including the use of appropriate PPE, attending required training, and reporting any electrical safety concerns.
- Electrical Workers
- Unqualified Person: An “unqualified person” is any person who has not received specific training regarding electrical hazards involved in the work task and how to avoid the hazards. An unqualified person may assist a qualified person provided that they are wearing appropriate personal protective equipment for the approach boundary they are crossing (i.e. either Limited Approach Boundary or Arc Flash Boundary), and are escorted by the qualified person at all times. Under no circumstances must the unqualified person cross the Restricted Approach Boundary.
- Electrical Qualified Persons: Qualified persons must be designated (i.e. authorized) by the Director of Facilities Management to perform work on energized electrical systems or equipment and must attend relative required training. Training is intended to work in conjunction with any on-the-job technical training that the department provides or requires. Training provides information related to live electrical work hazards and selection and use of appropriate personal protective equipment. It is not intended to provide the technical skills and knowledge necessary to work on electrical systems or components, nor does it authorize any person to do so.
- A person can be considered qualified with respect to certain equipment and methods, but unqualified for others.
- Note: Unqualified persons assisting in energized electrical work must be under the direct supervision of a qualified person for the duration of the exposure once they cross the Limited Approach Boundary or the Arc Flash Protection Boundary. An employee who is undergoing on-the-job training and who, in the course of such training, has demonstrated an ability to perform duties safely at his or her level of training, and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified person shall be considered to be a qualified person for the performance of those duties.
- Qualified persons must:
- Be trained and knowledgeable of the construction and operation of equipment or a specific work method, and be trained to recognize and avoid the electrical hazards that might be present with respect to that equipment or work method.Be familiar with the proper use of the special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, including arc-flash, insulating and shielding materials, and insulating tools and test equipment.Be trained in the skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed energized parts from other (non-energized) parts of electrical equipment.Be trained in skills and techniques necessary to determine the nominal voltage of exposed live parts by reading drawings, signs, and labels.Be trained in the approach distances and the corresponding voltages to which the qualified person will be exposed.Be trained in the decision-making process necessary to determine the degree and extent of the hazard and the personal protective equipment and job planning necessary to perform the task safely.Attend Lockout/Tagout Authorized Person training.Be certified in first aid and CPR.Be familiar with emergency procedures for electrical incidents.
- Departments must establish and maintain documentation that provides evidence of the qualification of each employee, and the documentation must define the limits of each employee’s qualifications. The Electrical Qualified Person Form can be used for such purposes. A copy of all qualifications must be sent to the HR Department to be kept as part of the employment record.
Electrical Controls and Protections
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Electrical protective equipment must meet the criteria established by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) and by the America National Standards Institute (ANSI).
Equipment shall include rated arc flash apparel, eye protection, head protection, hand protection, hearing protection, insulated footwear, and face shields where necessary. PPE must be maintained in a safe, reliable condition and be inspected by the qualified wearer for damage before each day’s use and immediately following any incident that can reasonably be suspected of having caused damage. Protective equipment that becomes damaged contaminated with grease, oil flammable liquids, or combustible liquids shall not be used.
BRCC will provide any electrical protective equipment required by this program for employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards. The PPE must be appropriate for the specific work to be performed. Electrical tools and protective equipment must be specifically approved, rated, and tested for the levels of voltage of which an employee may be exposed. If an arc flash hazard is present, then additional PPE is required, including arc- resistant clothing and hardhat with arc rated face shield is required.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shall be worn whenever qualified workers are inside the Arc Flash Boundary of energized equipment or Restricted Approach Boundary of exposed energized parts (using the greater of the two distances). The required PPE can be determined from the incident energy value listed on the equipment’s arc flash label. If an arc flash analysis has not been done, then Arc Flash Category Classification and PPE tables in NFPA 70E should be consulted.
Employees shall wear at least the following:
- Eye protection whenever there is a danger of injury from electric arcs, flashes, or from flying objects resulting from an electrical explosion
- Nonconductive head protection whenever there is a danger of head injury from electric shock or burns due to contact with live parts or from flying objects resulting from an electrical explosion
- Rubber insulated gloves where there is a danger of hand or arm contact with live parts or possible exposure to arc flash burn
- Voltage rated gloves with leather protectors when using electrical testing meters on exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit parts 50 volts and above
- Dielectric overshoes when insulated footwear is used as protection against step and touch potential. Insulated soles shall not be used as primary electrical protection.
Protective shields, barriers, or insulating materials must be used to protect each employee from shock, burns, or other electrical injuries while that person is working near exposed energized parts that might be accidentally contacted or where dangerous electric heating or arcing might occur. Face shields without arc rating shall not be used for electrical work. Safety glasses or goggles must always be worn underneath face shields. Additional illumination may be needed when using tinted face shields as protection during electrical work.
Arc Rated Apparel & Under layers worn to protect an employee must cover potentially exposed areas as completely as possible, cover all ignitable clothing, and allow for movement and visibility. Arc-resistant shirtsleeves must be fastened at the wrist and arc-resistant shirts or jackets must be closed at the neck. Arc-rated garments worn as outer layers over arc-rated apparel (i.e., jackets or rainwear) must also be made from arc- rated material. Arc-Rated flash suits must permit easy and rapid removal by the user.
Non-melting, flammable garments (e.g., cotton, wool, rayon, silk, or blends) may be used as under layers beneath arc-resistant apparel; however, arc-resistant undergarments are recommended. Melting fibers such as acetate, nylon, polyester, polypropylene, and spandex is not permitted in fabric under layers next to skin; however, an incidental amount of elastic on non-melting fabric underwear or socks is permitted.
Insulating Materials and Tools
Employees must use insulated tools and handling equipment rated for the voltages encountered when working inside the Limited Approach Boundary and Restricted Approach Boundary near exposed energized circuits, conductors, or parts. Insulated tools must be designed and constructed to meet the demands of use and the environment to which they are exposed.
Insulating equipment made of materials other than rubber shall provide electrical and mechanical protection at least equal to that of rubber equipment. If the insulating capability of protective equipment is subject to damage during use, the insulating material must be protected by an outer covering of leather or other appropriate material.
Insulating rubber equipment such as gloves, sleeves, blankets, and matting must be stored in an area protected from light, temperature extremes, excessive humidity, ozone, and other substances and conditions that my cause damage. In addition to being tested according to the schedule supplied by the manufacturer, rubber insulated equipment must be
- Inspected for damage before each day’s use
- Air tested before each use
- Inspected immediately following any incident that could have caused damage
- Dielectrically tested within 6 months of first use or 1 year of purchase if not used (rubber gloves used without the leather protectors must be removed from service until dielectrically tested)
Rubber insulated equipment found to have defects that might affect its insulating properties must be removed from service until testing indicates that it is acceptable for continued use. Do not attempt to repair defective rubber insulated equipment.
Fuse handling equipment insulated for the circuit voltage shall be used to remove or install a fuse if the terminals are energized. Ropes and hand-lines used near exposed energized parts shall be nonconductive and portable ladders used for electrical work shall have nonconductive side rails. Tools and handling equipment should be replaced if the insulating capability is decreased due to damage.
Access Limiting Equipment
Specific training and qualifications are required to work with electricity. Electrical work zones must always be secured to prevent access by unqualified individuals for their safety and the safety of the qualified personnel. Often, electrical work is performed in areas where the general public could be exposed to the hazards. The bullet points listed below shall be followed to reduce the hazards to unqualified people.
- Barricades shall be used in conjunction with safety signs to prevent or limit access to work areas containing live parts. Barricades must be of sturdy construction and discourage access. An example would be temporary fencing. Conductive barricades shall not be used where they might cause an electrical hazard. Barricades shall be placed no closer than the Limited Approach Boundary.
- If signs and barricades do not provide sufficient protection, an attendant will be assigned to warn and protect pedestrians. The primary duty of the attendant shall be to keep an unqualified person out of the work area where an electrical hazard exists. The attendant shall remain in the area as long as there is a potential exposure to electrical hazards.
- If any area accessible to unqualified people is left unattended, the area must be returned to an electrically safe condition (e.g., Panelboard covers replaced). Barricades and signs are not an acceptable safeguard.
Electrical Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
An electrical work assessment must be completed and approved prior to working on energized equipment. As part of the risk assessment process, approach boundaries should be determined. There are two shock protection boundaries; the Limited Approach Boundary (LAB) and the Restricted Approach Boundary (RAB), and one Arc Flash Boundary (AFB) that must be established in order to provide a safe distance for personnel from exposed, energized electrical components.
Limited Approach Boundary
The Limited Approach Boundary (LAB) is the approach distance to exposed, energized electrical components within which a shock hazard exists. It is the approach limit for unqualified persons. Unqualified persons may only cross this boundary if they are under the direct supervision of a qualified person, and wearing the appropriate personal protective equipment for the hazards involved. Working within the LAB is only acceptable if an Energized Electrical Work Assessment has been completed and approved, or if the work is specifically exempt per NFPA 70E-2021 130.2(B)(3).
The LAB is determined by selecting the voltage range and exposed conductor/circuit condition (i.e. either movable or fixed, column 2 or 3) in NFPA 70E-2021 Table 130.4(E)(a) for alternating current. Use NFPA 70E-2021 Table 130.4(E)(b) for direct current.
Restricted Approach Boundary
The Restricted Approach Boundary (RAB) is the approach limit for qualified persons to exposed, energized electrical components where there is an increased likelihood of electric shock due to electrical arc-over combined with inadvertent movement. Only qualified persons may cross this boundary. A qualified person required to cross the RAB must be protected from unexpected contact with exposed energized conductors or circuit parts. Working within the RAB is only acceptable if an Energized Electrical Work Assessment has been completed and approved, or if the work is specifically exempt per NFPA 70E-2021 130.2(B)(3).
The RAB is determined by selecting the voltage range in NFPA 70E-2021 Table 130.4(E)(a) for alternating current (column 4). Use NFPA 70E-2021 Table 130.4(E)(b) for direct current.
Arc Flash Boundary
The Arc Flash Boundary (AFB) is the distance from exposed, energized electrical components within which a person could receive a second degree burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur. The AFB is determined either through calculation. Personnel must be wearing the appropriate arc-rated protective equipment before crossing this boundary. Arc-rating is reported as either the Arc Thermal Performance Value (ATPV) or the Energy of Break-open Threshold (EBT).
In order to determine if there is a likelihood of an arc flash occurrence, and whether protective equipment is required/recommended for a given task, identify the task in NFPA 70E-2021 Table 130.5(C). If there is a likelihood of an arc flash event occurring, NFPA 70E-2021 Table 130.7(C)(15)(a) for alternating current or table (b) for direct current can be used to determine the arc flash personal protective equipment category and the arc flash boundary based on the equipment involved. The category of personal protective equipment required is defined and detailed in NFPA 70E-2021 Table 130.7(C)(15)(c).
If work falls outside of the parameters noted in the tables and charts referenced in NFPA 70E and the incident energy must be calculated, it must be performed by an electrical engineer.
Electrical Equipment Labeling
Switchboards, panel boards, industrial control panels, motor control centers, disconnects and any other equipment posing an arc flash hazard will be field marked (labeled) to warn workers of potential electric arc flash hazards. When arc flash and shock data are available for industrial control panels, labels shall include information on arc flash hazard boundary, the hazard category, required PPE, minimum arc rating, limited approach distances, restricted approach distances and prohibited approach distances.
Labeling is intended to reduce the occurrence of serious injury or death due to arcing faults to workers working on or near energized electrical equipment. Labels shall be located so they are visible to the personnel before examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment.
The Arc Flash Information labels are printed with black letters on vinyl tape that is either orange or red in color depending on the energy levels calculated for that equipment. These labels are 3 inches by 4 inches and have the following information printed on them:
- Warning/Danger banner corresponding to the color of the label
- Arc Flash Boundary distance
- Incident Energy in cal/cm²
- Required PPE gear
- Voltage/Shock Hazard when cover is removed
- Limited Approach distance
- Restricted Approach distance
- Equipment Name
Typical Arc Flash Information Label
Working on or near Energized Electrical Equipment
The most important principle of electrical safety is to assume all electric circuits are energized unless each involved worker ensures they are not. Every circuit and conductor must be tested every time work is done on it. Proper PPE must be worn until the equipment is proven de- energized. The process of de-energizing is “energized” work and can result in an arc flash due to equipment failure.
When working on live circuits an employee is actually touching energized parts with tools. When working near live circuits, an employee inside the restricted approach boundary is close enough to energized parts to pose a risk, even though other parts are de-energized. Common tasks include:
- Opening electric equipment doors for inspection
- Opening and closing disconnects and breakers
- Taking voltage measurements
- Racking breakers on and off the bus
- Removing panels and dead fronts
Normal Operation of electrical powered equipment shall be permitted where all of the following conditions are satisfied:
- The equipment is properly installed.
- The equipment is properly maintained
- The equipment is used in accordance with instructions included in the listing and labeling and in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
- The equipment doors are closed and secured.
- All equipment covers are in place and secured.
- There is no evidence of impending failure such as arcing, overheating, loose or bound equipment parts, visible damage, or deterioration.
Use of the information on the arc flash hazard label and Table 130.5(C) provides guidance on assessing criteria for Normal Operation and the likelihood of an arc flash occurrence.
For any electrical equipment where an arc flash hazard may be present, a hazard assessment shall be performed by an electrically qualified worker on the equipment to ensure it meets the criteria for Normal Operation. Conditions that do not meet the criteria of Normal Operation are considered abnormal operation and an electrical hazard assessment should be performed to determine necessary electrical safe work practices and PPE.
Energized Electrical Equipment Inventory and Procedures
The Live (Energized) Electrical Equipment List identifies specific equipment that may be worked on while electrically energized when permitted under established safety criteria.
Only equipment included on this list is authorized for live work. All other electrical equipment shall be de-energized prior to servicing. All energized work must be performed by qualified personnel.
- Main distribution panels 120v/208v and 277v/480v
- Transformers 120v/208v and 277v/480v
- Branch circuit panels 120v/208v and 277v/480v
- Lights or lighting/dimmer panels
- Branch circuit panels 120v/208v and 277v/480v
- Branch circuits and outlets
- HVAC control panels
- HVAC units in ceilings or rooftops. For example: exhaust fans, heat pumps, mini splits, electric heaters, etc.
- Electric motor disconnects and fuses
- Boiler control panels
- Electric pump disconnects and fuses
- VFD’s (variable frequency drives)
- Water heater
- Equipment circuit boards and power supplies
- Lighting contactors and control panels
- Various automotive equipment. for example: Lifts, garage door operators, parts cleaners, etc.
- Various medical equipment. for example: hospital beds, monitors, autoclaves, etc.
- Fire alarm systems/panels and power supplies
- Elevator control panels
- Refrigerator, freezer, ice machine.
- Uninterrupted power source equipment
- Inverter and battery banks for backup power
Live work shall only be performed when:
- De-energizing is infeasible (e.g., testing, troubleshooting, diagnostics), or
- De-energizing creates a greater hazard (e.g., interruption of life-safety systems).
Most equipment is locked in mechanical rooms with restricted access. If work must be performed in public areas, barricades will be installed and appropriate signage will be posted. In addition the area will be supervised to enforce approach boundaries and protect non-qualified individuals.
The following PPE shall be worn as applicable when working on live equipment, dependent on the risk level of the equipment:
- Arc flash suit (as labeled)
- Safety glasses
- Helmet with face shield
- Rubber insulating gloves with leather protectors
- EH-rated footwear
- Insulated tools
Energized Electrical Work Permits
When energized work is authorized, an energized electrical work permit shall be required under the following conditions:
- When work is performed within restricted approach boundary of exposed energized parts.
- When the employee interacts with the equipment when conductors or circuit parts are not exposed but an increased likelihood of injury from exposure to an arc flash hazard exists from abnormal operations.
The intent of the permit is to ensure that all appropriate safety precautions are taken prior to performing energized electrical work. The permit must be originated by the qualified electrical worker and submitted to their appropriate department supervisor for signature approval. The permit must be posted in an appropriate and obvious location where the energized work is taking place for the duration of the task.
An energized electrical work permit shall not be required if a qualified person is provided with and uses appropriate safe work practices and PPE in accordance with this plan under any of the following conditions:
- Testing, troubleshooting and voltage measuring
- Thermography and visual inspections if the restricted approach boundary is not crossed
- Access to and egress from an area with energized electrical equipment if no electrical work is performed and the restricted approach boundary is not crossed.
- General housekeeping and miscellaneous non-electrical tasks if the restricted approach boundary is not crossed.
The College’s protocol for energized work is that any work requiring a permit must be performed by an outside contractor, not BRCC employees.
Working Around Energized Electrical Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment
Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) must be selected and worn based upon the hazard/risk category for the task to be performed. Electrical protective equipment, such as voltage-rated gloves and arc-flash rated clothing/PPE must be in good condition, worn properly, of the proper type and class for the voltage to be worked with, and currently tested, if required.
Overhead Powerlines
Work on or near overhead lines requires precautions to be taken to prevent employees from contacting lines that are not insulated, guarded or isolated. Where contact is possible, the lines shall be de-energized and visibly grounded at the point of work or suitably guarded by the power distribution company. Workers carrying long objects must have a worker assigned to each end of the object to maintain control of each end.
Illumination
Proper lighting must be provided for spaces containing exposed energized parts before workers may enter. Insufficient or lack of illumination or any obstruction that blocks his/her view of the work to be performed is not permitted. Do not reach blindly into areas that may contain energized parts.
Conductive material and equipment
Conductive materials and equipment that are in contact with any part of an employee’s body must be handled in a manner that will prevent them from contacting exposed energized conductors or circuit parts.
If an employee must handle long conductive objects, such as metal ducts, pipes, or rods in areas with exposed live parts, then insulation, guarding, and/or approved materials handling techniques must be used to minimize the hazard.
Employees may not wear conductive articles of jewelry or clothing, such as watchbands, bracelets, rings, key chains, necklaces, metal eye glass frames, metallic aprons, cloth with conductive thread, or metal headgear if they might contact exposed energized parts unless they have been rendered nonconductive.
Interlocks
Interlocks shall not be bypassed unless temporarily necessary as determined by the qualified person working on the equipment. The work must comply with the specified procedures for working on or near exposed energized parts. The interlock system must be returned to its operable condition when the work is completed.
Warning Devices
Signs/symbols and accident prevention tags must be used whenever necessary to warn employees about electrical hazards that might endanger them. Signs and tags must meet ANSI Z535 requirements.
Barricades shall be used in conjunction with safety signs where it is necessary to prevent or limit employee access to work areas containing live parts. Conductive barricades shall not be used where it might cause an electrical hazard, and barricades should be placed no closer than the Limited Approach Boundary.
Attendants are required where signs and barricades do not provide sufficient warning and protection from electrical hazards. The attendant must keep unqualified employees outside a work area and must remain in the area as long as there is a potential for employees to be exposed to electrical hazards.
Record Keeping
Human Resources is responsible for maintaining records of all Electrical Safety training.
Appendix A: Terms and Definitions
Arc Flash Hazard: A source of possible injury or damage to health associated with the release of energy caused be an electric arc. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Arc Flash Rating: The value attributed to materials that describes their performance to exposure to an electrical arc discharge. The arc rating is expressed in Calories per square centimeter (cal/cm2). (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Authorized Lockout/Tagout Employee: A person who locks or implements a tagout system procedure on machines or equipment to perform the servicing or maintenance on that machine or equipment. An authorized employee and an affected employee may be the same person when the affected employee’s duties also include performing maintenance or service on a machine or equipment, which must be locked out, or a tagout system implemented.
Boundary: Distance limits for various aspects of electrical work:
- Arc Flash Protection Boundary: When an arc flash hazard exists, an approach limit at a distance from an arc source at which an incident energy level of 1.2 cal/cm2.
- Shock Boundaries
- Limited Approach Boundary: An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which a shock hazard exists.
- Restricted Approach Boundary: An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or circuit part within which there is an increased risk of shock, due to electrical arc-over combined with inadvertent movement. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Competent person: A person meeting all of the requirements of a qualified person, and, in addition, is responsible for all work activities or safety procedures related to custom or special equipment, and has detailed knowledge regarding the electrical hazard exposure, the appropriate controls for mitigating those hazards, and the implementation of those controls. (NFPA 70E Art. 350)
De-energized: Free from any electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from electrical charge; not having a potential different from that of earth. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Disconnecting (or Isolating) Switch (Disconnector, Isolator):A mechanical switching device used for isolating a circuit or equipment from a source of power. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Electrical Infrastructure: Electrical components, including breaker and fuse panels, light switches and fixtures, switchboards, wiring, etc., that facilitate the use and transfer of electrical energy. (BRCC Definition)
Electrically Safe Work Condition: A state in which an electrical conductor or circuit part has been disconnected from energized parts, locked/tagged in accordance with established standards, tested to verify the absence of voltage, and, if necessary, temporarily grounded for personnel protection. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Electrical Work – Normal Operation: Work performed to start up or shut down electric equipment that meets the criteria of Normal Operation in Chapter 6 introduction. This work may be performed by trained individuals who would not be exposed to energized parts or an arc flash hazard and may be of non-electrical occupations. (BRCC Definition)
Examples include operation of circuit breaker, switch, contactor or starter for control of hazardous energy isolation.
Electrical Work – Maintenance, Inspection, Troubleshooting, Construction: Work performed on electrical equipment while exposed to energized conductors or circuit parts; interaction with or operation of electrical equipment where an arc flash hazard is likely or other abnormal conditions are present. The work should only be performed by electrically qualified persons. (BRCC Definition)
Energized: Electrically connected to or is, a source of voltage. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Evidence of Impending Failure: Evidence such as arcing, overheating, loose or bound equipment parts, visible damage, or deterioration. (NFPA 70E Art. 130)
Exposed electrical parts: Capable of being inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance by a person. It is applied to electrical conductors or circuit parts that are not suitably guarded, isolated, or insulated. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Fault Current, Available: The largest amount of current capable of being delivered at a point on the system during a short circuit condition. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Facilities: As used in these regulations, the term “University Facility” or “University Facilities” means any building or structure or any improved or unimproved land, or any part of any such building, structure, or land, which is owned, used, or occupied by BRCC and where employees may be exposed to occupational hazards. (BRCC Definition)
Field Evaluated: A thorough evaluation of non-listed or modified equipment in the field performed by persons or parties acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The evaluation approval ensures that the equipment meets appropriate codes and standards, or is similarly found suitable for a specified purpose. (NFPA 70E Art. 350)
Ground: A conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, between an electrical circuit or equipment and the earth or to some conducting body that serves in place of the earth. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupt (GFCI): A device intended for the protection of personnel that functions to deenergize a circuit or a portion of a circuit within an established period of time when a current to ground exceeds some predetermined value that is less than that required to operate the overcurrent protective device of the supply circuit. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)
Hazard Assessment: Process of identifying hazards and associated with a defined task and prescribing personal protective equipment (PPE) along with other relevant protection measures which must be employed to reduce the risk from the hazards.
Hazardous Location: An area in which an airborne flammable dust, vapor or gas may be present and would represent a hazard if a source of ignition were present (see NFPA Class I & II and Division 1 & 2). (NFPA 497)
Laboratory: A building, space, room, or group of rooms intended to serve activities involving procedures for investigation, diagnostics, product testing, or use of custom or special electrical components, systems, or equipment. (NFPA 70E Art. 350)
Listed: Equipment, materials or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to AHJ and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states they meet appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specific purpose. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Location, Damp: Partially protected locations subject to moderate degrees of moisture, such as some basements, barns and cold-storage warehouse. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)
Location, Dry: Locations not normally subject to dampness or wetness. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)
Location, Wet: Installations underground or in concrete slabs or masonry in direct contact with the earth, and locations subject to saturation with water or other liquids, such as vehicle- washing areas, and locations unprotected and exposed to weather. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)
Lockout/Tagout: A standard that covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment in which the unexpected re-energizing or startup of the machines/equipment or release of stored energy could cause injury to employees. It establishes minimum performance requirements for the control of such hazardous energy.
Maintenance, Condition of: The state of the electrical equipment considering the manufacturers’ instructions, manufacturers’ recommendations, and applicable industry codes, standards, and recommended practices. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Motor Control Center: A modular assembly specifically designed to plug in motor control units. Motor control centers are supplied by a common bus, usually straight from the switchboard. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Panelboard: A single panel or group of panel units designed for assembly in the form of a single panel; including buses, automatic overcurrent devices, and with or without switches for the control of light, heat, or power circuits; designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout box placed in or against a wall or partition and accessible only from the front. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Equipment such as protective clothing, respiratory device, shields and barriers used to protect against hazards and irritants capable of causing injury or impairment through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.
Properly Installed: The equipment is installed in accordance with applicable industry codes and standards and the manufacturer’s recommendations. (NFPA 70E Art. 130)
Properly Maintained: The equipment has been maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and applicable industry codes and standards. (NFPA 70E Art. 130)
Qualified Person: One who received training and has demonstrated skills and knowledge in the construction and operation of equipment or a specific work method and be trained to identify and avoid the electrical hazards that might be present with respect to that equipment or work method.
Notes:
- Whether a person is considered to be a “qualified” person will depend upon various circumstances in the workplace. It is possible and, in fact, likely for an individual to be considered “qualified” with regard to certain equipment or tasks in the workplace, but “unqualified” as to other equipment or tasks.
- An employee who is undergoing on-the-job training and who, in the course of such training, has demonstrated an ability to perform duties safely at his or her level of training and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified person is considered to be a qualified person for the performance of those duties. (NFPA 70E Art. 110, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)
Research and Development (R&D): An activity in an installation specifically designated for research or development that may be conducted with custom or special electrical equipment. (NFPA 70E Art. 350)
Risk: A combination of the likelihood of occurrence of injury or damage to health and the severity of injury or damage to health that results from a hazard. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Risk Assessment: An overall process that identifies hazards, estimates the potential severity of injury or damage to health, estimates the likelihood of occurrence of injury or damage to health, and determines if protective measures are required. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Service: The conductors and equipment for delivering energy from the electricity supply system to the wiring system of the premises served. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)
Service Equipment: The necessary equipment, usually consisting of a circuit breaker or switch and fuses, and their accessories, located near the entrance of supply conductors to the building and intended to constitute the main control and means of cutoff of the supply. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)
Switchboard: A large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted, on the face or back, or both, switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and (usually) instruments. Switchboards are generally accessible from the rear as well as from the front and are not intended to be installed in cabinets. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)
Switching Devices: Devices designed to close and/or open one or more electric circuits. Included in this category are circuit breakers, cutouts, disconnecting (or isolating) switches, disconnecting means, interrupter switches, and oil (filled) cutouts. (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399)
Voltage (of a circuit): The greatest root-mean-square (effective) difference of potential between any two conductors of the circuit concerned. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Voltage, nominal: An approximate value assigned to a circuit or system for the purpose of conveniently designating its voltage class, e.g., 120/240, 480/277, and 600. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Working Distance: The distance between a person’s face and chest area and a prospective arc. (NFPA 70E Art. 100)
Working On (energized electrical conductors or circuit parts):. Coming in contact with energized electrical conductors or circuit parts with hands, feet, or other body parts, with tools, probes or with test equipment, regardless of the personal protective equipment a person is wearing. There are two categories of “working on”: Diagnostic (testing) is taking readings or measurements of electrical equipment with approved test equipment that does not require making any physical change to the equipment; repair is any physical alteration of electrical equipment (such as making or tightening connections, removing or replacing components, etc.). (NFPA 70E Art. 100)